VMware Snapshots: Delta Chains and Failed Consolidation
Snapshots are chains of delta files. Consolidation failure leaves the chain inconsistent — and the data usually intact.
Chain structure
The base disk plus one delta per snapshot; the descriptor (.vmdk) records the parent. A missing or renamed delta breaks the chain and the VM refuses to power on.
Recovery
Copy every delta and descriptor, then either re-point the descriptor to the correct parent or mount the chain read-only and copy data out. Never 'delete all snapshots' as a first step.
FAQ
Can I power on without the newest delta?
You can revert to an older state — losing newer changes.
Is a locked VM lost?
Usually not; the lock is metadata, not damage.